Fitness Conditioning Fitness conditioning is accomplished through two methods of exercise - Cardio Fitness and Muscular Fitness. Cardiovascular Fitness   Fitness condition in which the body's cardiovascular (circulatory) and respiratory systems function together during prolonged, rhythmic activities to ensure that adequate oxygen is supplied to the working muscles to produce energy. Muscular Fitness   For a muscle to increase in strength and endurance, the workload to which it is subjected during exercise must be increased beyond what it normally experiences. Muscular fitness has two components: Muscular Strength   The greatest amount of force a muscle or muscle group can exert in a single effort. Muscular Endurance   The ability of a muscle or muscle group to do repeated contractions against a less-than-maximum resistance for a given time.